The AMOVA results showed that the majority of genetic variations originated from among populations (FST = 0.67), and the pairwise FST values ranged from 0.4579 to 0.8736, indicating high levels of genetic differentiation among these populations.
High levels of genetic diversity were detected among nine populations. In this study, a total of 164.81 Gb bases were generated with the Illumina platform, and 129,873 candidate SNPs were obtained with the Stacks pipeline for population genetic analyses. yarkandensis samples from nine geographic populations in the Tarim River basin and utilized the RAD-seq method for SNP genotyping. The distribution of Triplophysa yarkandensis is restricted to Xinjiang’s Tarim River basin. Our study provides first biological reference to this species in Alaer Reach of Tarim River and the results will provide fundamental information for resource assessment as well as for taking up further aquaculture practices of this species. Wet weight (Wt) and body length (BL) were measured in the laboratory and the length-weight relationship was expressed as Wt = 0.0594xBL2.1669. yarkandensis were collected from Alaer reach of Tarim River, Tarim River Basin. Truss morphometric measurements were used to assess the principal shape components of different sized T. The present study was undertaken to investigate selected biological aspects of the species. Attempt to breed this species in captivity has not yet succeeded. As a species caught in the traditional fisheries, the natural resources are nearly exhausted. Biological information on this species is scarce. The Kashgarian loach Triplophysa yarkandensis is one of the rare freshwater species distributed in the Tarim River basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in north-west China.